Underground cables offer several benefits, including enhanced safety (less risk of accidents or fires), reduced visual impact, and protection from environmental factors like storms, high winds, and vandalism. They are ideal for urban areas, where space is limited, or in regions prone to extreme weather conditions.

The depth at which underground cables are buried depends on local regulations, the type of cable, and the surrounding environment. Typically, cables are buried 1 to 3 feet (30 to 90 cm) deep, though deeper installations may be required in areas with heavy traffic or where additional protection is needed.

For underground installations, specialized cables with higher insulation levels are used to protect against moisture, chemicals, and mechanical damage. Common types include PVC-insulated cables, XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) cables, and armoured cables, which provide added strength and protection.

Challenges include dealing with difficult soil conditions, managing existing underground utilities (such as water or gas lines), ensuring proper cable protection against physical damage, and adhering to safety regulations. Excavating and trenching can also be complex in urban or densely populated areas.

Regular inspections, maintenance, and testing are essential for ensuring the longevity and reliability of underground cables. Technologies such as cable fault locators, thermal imaging, and online monitoring systems help detect faults or degradation before they lead to failures. In case of issues, the cables can be tested, spliced, or replaced as needed to ensure continuous service.